Since most cyberwar is conducted covertly, governments avoid any public acknowledgment of their own abilities and shy away from engaging in any sort of 'cyber diplomacy.' Statecraft conducted in secret fails to create public norms for deterrence.

When people think of digital diplomacy, they think of government tweeting. It is not what it is. That is public diplomacy.

The intensity of cyber conflict around the world is increasing, and the tools are becoming cheaper and more readily available.

Cyber weapons won't go away, and their spread can't be controlled. Instead, as we've done for other destructive technologies, the world needs to establish a set of principles to determine the proper conduct of governments regarding cyber conflict.